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Q&A

General Q&A about worldbuilding and other speculative developments that can be extrapolated from science.

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Thermal balance for the surface where the atmosphere absorbs most energy

The setting is a moon-sized body with solid surface, thick (but mostly transparent) atmosphere and magnetosphere. But most heat from the space is supplied with relativistic charged particles impact...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Incnis Mrsi‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Incnis Mrsi‭

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Using an Alcubierre warp drive strictly for sub light travel

In a setting I've been working with, I sought a method of sublight travel that wasn't crazy engines or magic. I've already got FTL using a different method than the Alcubierre drive, so it wouldn't...

3 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Nonafel‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Nonafel‭

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Practical problems of near-light-speed travel

A spaceship of several kilometers length is accelerating to a very high fraction of $c$ (basically as close as they can possibly get). Which problems can the machinery and the crew encounter? And...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by J_F_B_M‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by J_F_B_M‭

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Machines in four spatial dimensions

Assuming that we have a universe with four spatial dimensions plus time, within which atoms exist that can form solids, liquids, gases and plasmas, the compounds that can be formed having physical ...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Monty Wild‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Monty Wild‭

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Are there any real world examples of where a desert and a swamp meet each other?

I am building a world with many deserts and swamps. So a simple question: Are there any real world examples of where a desert and a swamp meet each other? Deserts and swamps are vastly different ...

9 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Jimmery‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Jimmery‭

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How would the Great Atmospheric Catastrophe come about?

How can the atmosphere rapidly change composition? Around ~2.3 Billion Years ago, the Atmosphere changed radically: Cyanobacteria started pumping out Oxygen and the atmosphere gradually became Oxy...

5 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Amziraro‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Amziraro‭

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How can I make an alphabet for a fictional dialect of a real language?

The following post is copy-pasted from a similar question on Reddit: Apparently, I already started work on the story and it turns out, that I have Ganymede speaking a fictional Russian dialect ca...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Future Historian‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Future Historian‭

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Fictional drug where withdrawal is fatal? (like Melange in Dune)

Could a chemical compound change a human body in a way that a regular quantity of that compound is needed to stay alive after the first dose? The short answer would be yes, there exist already suc...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by CoffeDeveloper‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by CoffeDeveloper‭

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How stable is the hexagonal rosette anyway?

The Wikipedia article on Klemperer Rosettes states that hexagonal rosettes are slightly more stable than other, non-hexagonal rosettes, due to the position of the orbital objects in the Lagrange po...

4 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by timuzhti‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by timuzhti‭

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At what point does sensitive hearing become a hindrance instead of an advantage? (For a predator.)

I've designed a creature for my alien world that is a large apex predator known commonly as a wraith. It lives mostly in dense jungle and forest and uses stealth and ambush to catch its prey (it ca...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by XenoDwarf‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by XenoDwarf‭

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Could there be a universe in which energy divided by distance is conserved?

In our universe energy is conserved. In a parallel universe could energy divided by distance be a conserved quantity instead of energy itself? So in this universe if two objects were to move away...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Anders Gustafson‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Anders Gustafson‭

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An Accurate Depiction of Early-Mid Cretaceous Coastal North America?

So, I'm in the process of writing a book series having to do with prehistory and the like, and I'm trying to make everything as accurate to life as I can while still making it an entertaining story...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by TheTimeVoyager‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by TheTimeVoyager‭

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Limiting volcanism to certain points on an exomoon

I have an exomoon that orbits close enough to its planet that it has notable geological activity. I would like to limit active volcanoes/geysers/lava lakes/etc. to at most, a couple dozen areas on ...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by emo bob‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by emo bob‭

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Without taxes, who pays for roads/highways?

In a country where the government does not collect taxes, who pays for roads/highways? A little background on the government (it's a work in progress): This government's single purpose is to elim...

7 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Programmer‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Programmer‭

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Could a person survive in an environment in which the Gs increase by 50% every month for 14 months if the environment started at 1G?

In this case the person would experience 292Gs by the end of the 14 months, which should be enough to kill him/her but, considering that it would have taken 14 months for the environment to reach a...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Anders Gustafson‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Anders Gustafson‭

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Regional Climate in a Dyson Sphere

A Dyson Sphere, being a sphere, is a uniform "equatorial" climate across the entire surface. I consider this to be a major problem. Somewhere between the Dyson Sphere and the Dyson Hyperboloid is ...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Separatrix‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Separatrix‭

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A cold desert planet

I know that by definition, a desert implies a lack of water and, as such, makes it very hard for living things to survive there. In the story I'm writing, the characters come across a planet that ...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Brubek Coltrane‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Brubek Coltrane‭

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What adaptations would an aquatic humanoid species need to develop sonar?

So, I have an aquatic humanoid species that I want to be able to use echolocation. They are extremely similar to humans,with some minor differences, like gills. (The reason I include this tidbit is...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Xandar The Zenon‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Xandar The Zenon‭

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How would life evolve on an over urbanized earth?

Let's say that tens of thousands of years pass and earth effectively becomes a giant city. What species of organisms survive our conquest? How do these species evolve to adapt? How long would huma...

4 answers  ·  posted 10y ago by bananafacts‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by bananafacts‭

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Binary planet eclipses

I know that on a binary planet you would have planetary eclipses (basically like a solar or lunar eclipse but with planets instead of moons). If there also is a moon, things would be much more comp...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Caters‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Caters‭

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Giant Insects Made Plausible - Nymph Gills to Pseudo Lungs

I've had a great idea to leap over the giant boundary of respiration when making giant insects.The largest problem is that insects rely on diffusion through exterior holes (spiracles) to breathe, a...

1 answer  ·  posted 9y ago by XenoDwarf‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by XenoDwarf‭

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How could an advanced civilization have no more than a basic knowledge of biology?

In my universe there is a human civilization that is advanced enough to have computers, computer networks, and robots, however they have a relatively rudimentary knowledge of medicine/biology. The...

7 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Bryan McClure‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Bryan McClure‭

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What happens when we travel to our new dimension?

My advanced human society understands how to search & find data on other dimensions; as well, we can travel if they're compatible. For years all we've found was data indicating dimensions wi...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Mikey‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Mikey‭

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Climatology of a supermassive Dyson sphere?

Note: There is a related question about illuminating such a sphere that inspired this question. I'm going much farther, though, this is not a dupe. The Dyson sphere will be the central mass of t...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Loren Pechtel‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Loren Pechtel‭

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Exoplanetary Review: Rock Storms

I've come up with a couple of exoplanets for a story, and have reached the limits of my knowledge. I've googled around, and I had a space enthusiast friend look at them, but he freely admits that h...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by emo bob‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by emo bob‭

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Entirely too much mana from the heavens

Time period is renaissance, with the most powerful culture being in a area geographically similar to the middle east. So a cleric was trying to combat a drought in his kingdom using the power of a ...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Vakus Drake‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Vakus Drake‭

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Effects of a super-Jupiter collision in a planetary system

Split out from this question since it was too large. I'm designing an exoplanetary system that was the victim of a drive-by super-Jupiter ejected from a nearby supernova that crashed into the syst...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by emo bob‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by emo bob‭

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Why would merfolk evolve arms?

Merfolk can be easily described as humans with the lower half of fish. On this site we have discussed; How their tails work, How they sleep, And how they hear. But there is one question that has no...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Uncle Tres‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Uncle Tres‭

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How to make exomoon lightning storms

I have a terrestrial moon that I would like to have spectacular and frequent lightning storms. What atmospheric compositions and conditions could cause this? Tools The moon orbits a 21 earth-mas...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by emo bob‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by emo bob‭

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Exoplanetary Review: Acid Rain

I've come up with a couple of exoplanets for a story, and have reached the limits of my knowledge. I've googled around, and I had a space enthusiast friend look at them, but he freely admits that h...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by emo bob‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by emo bob‭

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Precognitivity and mental health

Imagine a person who has 'passive' precognitive abilities. During sleep, they dream of random future events-these can range from events that will happen in a few hours to events that will happen in...

2 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Titanide‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Titanide‭

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What is the best reproductive strategy for equality between the sexes?

Many questions on Worldbuilding have posited different reproductive strategies that often result in the virtual enslavement of females (when there are females involved). On Earth, normal human biol...

5 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Green‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Green‭

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What would be the optimal shape for a spacecraft intended primarily for use in space (but capable of landing)?

I am currently focusing my worldbuilding efforts in designing a story (or, perhaps, if all goes well, a series of stories) that take place in space. In my constructed reality, there exists a mater...

6 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by NSFer 21‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by NSFer 21‭

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Birds can mind-control everyone, what will happen to humans?

I plan to make a RPG setting and I want it to be as credible as possible. By that I mean that I want to be able to explain everything with science without cheating. Statistically not likely but pos...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Anne Aunyme‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Anne Aunyme‭

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How can I set up the environment so that my creatures don't get sick?

In a world I am working on, I have a wilderness-living, social, group-living species that for various reasons lacks access and ability to anything resembling modern medicine, including vaccinations...

8 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Canina‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Canina‭

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Evolution of animals' eyesight on habitable planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1?

Recently there have been up to two habitable planets discovered around the star TRAPPIST-1, if animal life was able to evolve on either planets how would eyesight evolve under such a dim star? How ...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Stephanie‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Stephanie‭

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Is my humanoid creature too far out there?

I am working on the development of a humanoid species. I figured they'd have split along the evolutionary chain around the same time as humans. They'd live in a warm climate, resulting in little ha...

4 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by jeln‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by jeln‭

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Is an atmosphere with different layers possible?

I'm making a world where you live in the air, as the surface is not survivable (like Venus). I'm going to leave out the story of the planet, as it's not important. Anyway, could there be a planet ...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Niko‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Niko‭

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Species with many different looks which can interbreed

In the animated movie Monsters Inc. the monsters which populate the universe all look very different despite the fact that they are presented as being the same species (since they can interbreed). ...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Tanis Lauer‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Tanis Lauer‭

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Help me throw rocks at a planet

I have a planet in a solar system that is for all intents and purposes identical to ours that I want to play like a bongo drum with asteroids or other extra terrestrial rocks to destroy most of the...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Universalerror‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Universalerror‭

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An armor that deflects any physical forces against it

Suppose you are given an armor that has this curious property: as soon as a force is applied into it, the force vector is changed by 180°. If you throw a rock against it, the corresponding energy ...

7 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Chaotic‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Chaotic‭

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How to end the world by earthquake?

For the sake of convenience, this happens on Earth. However, in this scenario only the American continent (all of it) is inhabited. One of the countries is experimenting with extremely advanced an...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by AmiralPatate‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by AmiralPatate‭

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Salt marsh Macroflora

I am working on a coastal salt marsh ecosystem, and need an organism which has a large trunk. From my poking around it seems to me a large woody grass, or a Prototaxites like fungus\lichen might be...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Myrdden Wyllt‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Myrdden Wyllt‭

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What makes a spacefaring civilization, a spacefaring civilization?

Aka: What I am asking is: what are the basic elements a society capable of space travel needs? What key factors determine a species'capacity to become spacefaring and what cultural and societal asp...

6 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Future Historian‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Future Historian‭

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Can I have a planetary liquid or gas ring system?

My space colonists have found a home in the ring system of a (maybe chthonian) gas giant. The rings are based on Saturn's in terms of appearance, but can they be made of gases or liquid (maybe drop...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by SilverCookies‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by SilverCookies‭

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Why would vampires be incapable of entering a non-vampire human's house uninvited?

I'm looking for a scientific explanation as to why vampires would be incapable of entering a human's house uninvited. There have been many terrific scientific explanations for some of the most in...

19 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Nahshon paz‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Nahshon paz‭

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How would a massive space creature evolve?

It makes sense to believe life is more likely to evolve on the surface of large objects like planets, moons, and asteroids. However, a common fantasy trope is the massive space creature: some kind ...

6 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by talrnu‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by talrnu‭

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Geothermal vents as main source of heat in atmosphere

On Earth, there are geothermal vents - heat coming from underground vents that support life at the bottom of the ocean where the sun cannot reach. My question is, would this be possible to support...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by colmde‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by colmde‭

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A Recent Mass Extinction--How Long Must Life Reel Itself Back In?

In our understanding of mass extinction and adaptive radiation, we have found that life can't and doesn't bounce back right away. They take time. It took life eight to ten million years to recove...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by JohnWDailey‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by JohnWDailey‭

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Making the Enterprise Fly

No, not that one. This one. I want to see the USS Enterprise fly, but I'm curious how it would be accomplished in any realistic fashion. Now, the world I'm building that needs a flying Enterpri...

6 answers  ·  posted 10y ago by Danny Reagan‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Danny Reagan‭