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Rigorous Science

Q&A with a focus on more stringent analysis. Questions and answers should be well-researched, clearly explained, and supported with references, equations, or empirical evidence based on current, widely-accepted science. Please read the category guidelines.

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What Would Beaches Look Like if Silicon Didn't Bond to Oxygen?

I was on a beach recently and was contemplating what it would look like if Silicon just didn't bind oxygen very well/at all, perhaps similar to gold. I'm not sure if something else would take the ...

1 answer  ·  posted 6y ago by Sarah Szabo‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Sarah Szabo‭

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How big of a coronal mass ejection from the sun do I need to destroy all the electrical equipment on earth

So the background is simple: in the modern day a CME (coronal mass ejection, a solar flare that has escaped the sun) hits the Earth and destroyed all the electrical equipment causing planes to cras...

2 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by skout‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by skout‭

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Is a balloon rocket launch pad possible?

Rockets consume a lot of fuel and carry not eough payload. To reduce the fuel needed, why not send it in the mesosphere? Imagine a big balloon, capable of carrying a small rocket to the mesosphere...

4 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Mmeyer‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Mmeyer‭

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Could I put a large city into geostationary orbit?

I want to put a circular city in geostationary orbit. The city will have a radius of 20Km. I was thinking of using quantum trapping/levitation to achieve this. Here's what quantum trapping is: ...

2 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by The Last Remnant‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by The Last Remnant‭

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How would you heat colonies in the outer solar system (by using natural systems)?

By Colonies 'in' the outer solar system I mean the various moons and space stations past the asteroid belt. Currently the Hegemony has established bio domes, mining stations, and a few large scale...

2 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Celestial Dragon Emperor‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Celestial Dragon Emperor‭

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The polar ice caps are melting. Can I replace them with icebergs made of pykrete?

Pretend I'm writing a story about a world exactly like our own. Real world physics, no magic, modern technology. Suddenly an eccentric world leader comes up with the idea to replace the melting gl...

5 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Pharap‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Pharap‭

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Petri-dish Animals

There's a Thylacine that's found in Tasmania, unfortunately they only found a single female specimen. It it possible to grow Thylacines artificially (say like in an artificial womb) of both male a...

2 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by MnIce‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by MnIce‭

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Secret Hangar Location Needed for Entropy-sensitive Nano-bots

Premise In this Earth-like world, a multi-billion dollar privately owned aerospace/defense corporation is devising a secret plan to manufacture a fleet of nano-bots. These nano-bot have swarm inte...

4 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Arash Howaida‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Arash Howaida‭

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What would be an actual real life mechanisms of an accelerated healing factor?

I'm writing a rough sketch for a book about a world where people sorta violently and suddenly get barely working superpowers. That is every time each person uses their power they run the risk of ki...

4 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Shotgun ‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Shotgun ‭

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Chemical element made with alternative particles

In my earlier question, regarding airships, I mentioned fictional gas, as light as hydrogen but non-flammable. Is it possible to make chemical element, with atoms made not from nucleons, but with s...

5 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Mranderson ‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Mranderson ‭

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Is it realistic to "salt the earth" in a kingdom/around a city?

I have a story in which a King, knowing his kingdom will fall, would like to have a scorched earth policy. The King would order all residents to begin salting the earth to ensure nothing there can ...

5 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Thatguypat‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Thatguypat‭

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Can I use a trebuchet to launch satellites into space from a lunar colony?

I've got a lunar colony that struggles to obtain resources, so they're looking for ways to launch satellites into orbit without using up a bunch of rocket fuel. One plucky engineer has suggested ...

7 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Dubukay‭  ·  last activity 5y ago by Dubukay‭

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Deep Space Communication Infrastructure

What kind of technology would be required for a space travelling civilization to have an effective communication system or network that is similar in speed to the telegram? How would it work? This ...

2 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by System‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by System‭

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Could I have an earth-like planet from which sun and moon would never be simultaneously visible?

On earth there can be hours where the moon is up during the same time the sun is in the sky (daytime moon) due to the combined rotation of earth and orbit of the moon. I would like to have an earth...

7 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by DerGreif‭  ·  last activity 5y ago by DerGreif‭

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How would the US re-conquer a Moon Base?

The year is 2030. The US has set up a moon base with about 2,000 people. The base can theoretically survive indefinitely, growing its own food and 3D-printing supplies, but in practice it needs t...

6 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Bert Haddad‭  ·  last activity 5y ago by Bert Haddad‭

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How much liquid hydrogen to stop neutron radiation?

I have a spaceship that's powered by an efficient hydrogen fusion drive, but the drive outputs a large amount of dangerous neutron radiation as a side effect, and those neutrons are not captured an...

1 answer  ·  posted 6y ago by TPK‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by TPK‭

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Azidoazide Azide Storage and Weaponization

AA (azidoazide azide) is a hyper-explosive 14 nitrogen molecule. My questions are: what are some theoretical ways to store it so it doesn't explode on you but on the enemy you throw it at, and what...

1 answer  ·  posted 6y ago by Amoeba‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Amoeba‭

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Replacing Jupiter with a brown dwarf?

This is a purely hypothetical question but I can't find a satisfactory answer to it. Let's say somehow Jupiter collects enough mass to be considered a brown dwarf. Let's assume Jupiter achieves a...

3 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by tempestwing0101‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by tempestwing0101‭

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How would people conceivably escape a planet too large for chemical rockets?

I was reading this article from NASA about chemical rockets and they argue that, with a planet 50% larger than the Earth (assuming similar density, about 1.5G surface gravity), it would be impossib...

11 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Jarred Allen‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Jarred Allen‭

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Space elevator into a blackhole. Possible?

Inspired by Spaceship orbiting a black hole under the event horizon - a prison where no one escapes, I was wondering if it is possible to make a space elevator that goes down into a black hole. In...

3 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by PyRulez‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by PyRulez‭

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The Great Deoxygenation Event

Assume an Earth-like or super-Earth terrestrial planet in a state comparable to Precambrian or Archaen Earth. The atmosphere is mainly nitrogen and carbon dioxide, perhaps some methane, but very li...

2 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by rek‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by rek‭

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What if a traversable wormhole hits the earth?

So, I the question of what if a black hole hits the earth has been asked to death by various people, but what if the somewhat tamer wormhole hits the Earth? In particular, we'll say that one mouth...

2 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by PyRulez‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by PyRulez‭

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Fire Hazard of Human Domed Cities on Planet with Methane CO2 Atmosphere?

I'm working on a sci-fi book, and a chapter I'm currently on is about a guerilla attack on a human city on the planet. The outer atmosphere is mostly CO$_2$ and methane. The aliens breathe methane...

2 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by JTriptych‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by JTriptych‭

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How can a civilization survive proton decay?

In a very distant future people have survived by slowing the metabolism to extremely long timescales, reducing the energy consumption per time. It is causing thought processes and movements to be e...

1 answer  ·  posted 6y ago by Zeick‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Zeick‭

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Lunar maria, always on the side facing the planet?

Suppose we have an Earthlike planet, with a rocky moon orbiting it. Under what conditions would dark lunar maria form on its surface, and would they always be on the side facing the planet? For Ear...

1 answer  ·  posted 6y ago by taylor swift‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by taylor swift‭

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Advantages and disadvantages to having 12 DNA bases

So I was curious what would be the advantages and disadvantages to have 12 DNA bases? For example could it be used to store complex memories in an organism, could it cause very complex structure in...

2 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Amoeba‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Amoeba‭

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Could gas be harvested from a Chthonian planet?

Chthonian planets are gas giants that orbit their stars so closely, the intense heat from the star strips off the gas giant's atmosphere, leaving behind a tail of gas. This turns the gas giant into...

2 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Gliese‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Gliese‭

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Railguns designs for hand held rifles and spacecraft

I'm writing a book and I want to use rail-guns for advanced space age factions in warfare. I would like to make them as realistic as possible so I did a bit of digging myself, but most of the inf...

3 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Creed Arcon‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Creed Arcon‭

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Could Earth and the Moon be the same size?

Many questions on this site hypothesize about two planets in close orbit of each other, each developing their own civilizations. How feasible is that? Some 4.5 billion years ago Theia, a planetary...

4 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by kingledion‭  ·  last activity 5y ago by kingledion‭

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In a world without aging, how do we age?

EDIT: As it turns out the method I had thought of using to combat aging doesn't work the way I expected. As such I have rethought this question in more vague terms. New Question: Using current hyp...

3 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Douglas‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Douglas‭

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What would Alien Talking Heads sound like?

We know from the International Pronunciation Alphabet (IPA) and the research that gave us the IPA, what sounds typically used in human speech (certainly not all sounds that can be made). This is al...

1 answer  ·  posted 6y ago by Green‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Green‭

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Limits of energy generation in mixing animal and plant by-products or storage

In the question of a biological cannon How would a Biological Cannon work? , one option was to use biological by-products for chemical propulsion of the cannon ball. It might have also been propel...

1 answer  ·  posted 6y ago by asylumax‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by asylumax‭

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What are the conditions of an Earth-like, water-ball planet?

I'd like to explore some details on a so-called water-ball planet (i.e. a planet in the habitable zone of a sun, covered by a 100 km deep ocean). I am particularly interested where life could devel...

2 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by jk - Reinstate Monica‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by jk - Reinstate Monica‭

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The Tree of Youth

There exists a single solitary tree at the mouth of a small river. This tree is basically a fountain of youth, granting immortality to anyone who eats it's grapefruit-sized fruits. As you can ima...

3 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Acumen Simulator‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Acumen Simulator‭

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How would I calculate how much of Venus would be covered in water if 8.8E16 m^3 was added to its surface?

If $8.8 \times 10^{16} m^3$ of water volume is added to the surface of Venus, how would I calculate how much of Venus would be covered in water? The land of Venus has its topographical features wi...

2 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Hendrik Lie‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Hendrik Lie‭

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Could you turn the asteroid belt into one giant full spectrum interferometer?

For the purpose of this post, full spectrum means a non-trivial number of frequencies within a non-trivial band. So human eyes aren't full spectrum within the visual range (each cone is wide band, ...

2 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Imipak‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Imipak‭

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How would characters find out they were living in a rotating habitat with only medieval tech?

Three natives who study their version of science on the surface of a large rotating habitat located in a cylindrical shape in the space between our solar system and Alpha Centauri, are trying to fi...

9 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Sean Mignosa‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Sean Mignosa‭

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What near-future propulsion system(s) could be employed by my spaceships?

In a near future setting I am working on, humans have built space-habitats and have established colonies on celestial objects such as Luna. Their spaceships cannot go faster-than-light and have the...

7 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by dot_Sp0T‭  ·  last activity 5y ago by dot_Sp0T‭

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Relativistic effects on brains encoded in light

I am trying to build a hard science-fiction world where the interstellar travel might work like this: Travellers bodies are scanned and all relevant information regarding body structure, neural c...

6 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by strNOcat‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by strNOcat‭

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Lethal Low Pressure Fronts

On a giant 50 mile high volcano, created and sustained by magic, there is extreme weather. Storms, high winds, snow, everything you'd find at the flanks of exceedingly high mountain. Explorers have...

3 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Green‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Green‭

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Planet with an inactive and connected lithosphere?

As you know, Earth has active and moving techtonic plates known as the lithosphere. They float on the asthenosphere and slowly move about. Here's my question: Can a planet with a hot molten core h...

2 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Rangoon‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Rangoon‭

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Is it possible to augment the human body's muscles or nerves to simulate weight and force?

Decades in the future, people have been able to augment their own sensory inputs in their brains and nerves to feel, see, taste and touch things that are not really there. Also, they can modify the...

3 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Red_Wasp‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Red_Wasp‭

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Is using thermal energy an effective method to powering an implanted tracking device?

So in this world somewhere in distant future. The government has created I.D Chips that are designed to be biologically implanted into its own citizens. To ensure extra "security" and also act as a...

10 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Red_Wasp‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Red_Wasp‭

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Plausible biological alternative for normal photosynthesis

People have been trying to imagine elaborate alien biologically possible ecosystems for a while. A lot of people seem to both want but ignore one of those fundamental aspects of our own ecosystem, ...

5 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by anon‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by anon‭

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Could Using Technology to monitor the thoughts of a human mind be possible?

I had this one idea of having the government create chips that monitor the thoughts of prison inmates as a way of preventing future crimes. At the same time still, give them a degree of freedom and...

5 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Red_Wasp‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Red_Wasp‭

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No More Looking from the Same Side of a Mostly Liquid Surface Terrestrial-based Moon

Section 1: Non-Duplicate Proofs. Section 2: Background, THE QUESTION, and Useful Info. Section 3: Other cited ways of preventing. Section 4: Sources and Additional Resources. Section 5: TL;D...

2 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by LanceLercher‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by LanceLercher‭

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Need help / advice building a habitable body for a book

Information and Context I'm working on a story, based 220 or so years in the future in a hard-science universe (where a quantum jump drive has been invented). I was wondering if anyone could giv...

1 answer  ·  posted 6y ago by Ballistic Porpoise‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Ballistic Porpoise‭

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Would it be possible to have a small black hole dissipate as it 'sinks' into the earth?

I recently watched this Kurzgesagt video exploring the question of what would happen if you had a black hole the size of a coin. To summarize the video: A black hole with the MASS of a coin wo...

1 answer  ·  posted 6y ago by Harrenhal‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Harrenhal‭

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Sea/Air fighters using current/near future tech?

The Setting I'm doing background work on a story involving a civilization about as advanced as ours materiologically. A significant part of their military operates along the continental shelf zone...

8 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by Gio‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Gio‭

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How will a dust storm affect infrared sensors such as thermal imaging?

The situation: the good guys are attempting to infiltrate an enemy base, and cause mayhem either in person and/or by planting explosives and running away. They know there is a big dust storm on the...

2 answers  ·  posted 6y ago by DrBob‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by DrBob‭