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Rigorous Science

Q&A with a focus on more stringent analysis. Questions and answers should be well-researched, clearly explained, and supported with references, equations, or empirical evidence based on current, widely-accepted science. Please read the category guidelines.

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Would it be possible to use the earth's rotation to launch spaceships to other planets?

A really simple question - if you built a space elevator then you continue building past the geostationary point to put tension onto the tether. Now if you keep building out further and further the...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Tim B‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Tim B‭

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Does an arbitrary constant burn path between two orbiting bodies exist?

I have an engine with unlimited $\Delta v$. Don't ask how I got it, it's probably one of my earth changing inventions. Either way: I no longer like Earth and want to get off (I'm headed for a reti...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Joe Bloggs‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Joe Bloggs‭

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Would it be possible to locate the Milky Way from a distant galaxy?

Given Earth's current level of technology, space- and ground- based astronomical tools, etc., to what extent would it be possible to locate the Milky Way from a somewhat distant galaxy, say, in ano...

2 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by meaot‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by meaot‭

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What is the sack-to-ship ratio?

In the world I'm building, the day lasts 9 of their years. This means that they are almost always on the move, living in blimp-like cities and houses. I've been designing these and I am having trou...

2 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Uncle Tres‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Uncle Tres‭

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Antimatter Storage

Is it possible to contain similarly charged particles in a magnetic field or traps, in generally large scale (say, all of them have positive charge), and could be utilized as power reserves quite e...

2 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Hendrik Lie‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by Hendrik Lie‭

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What more than sentience do you need from a species for its intelligence to be recognizable by humans?

It's becoming obvious from how could humans recognize another species as sentient / intelligent that recognizing another species' intelligence is very complicated. There are no universal tests, no ...

6 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Sheraff‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by Sheraff‭

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What kind of human music do badger-folk like?

Okay, so now that we've established that the badger folk (or Melinae sapien, if you want to be politically correct) are trading their ore to the humans for cat food. Now we need to determine what ...

6 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by PyRulez‭  ·  last activity 5y ago by PyRulez‭

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How big a black hole is needed for this story?

The story begins in classic disaster film style. A small rogue black hole is approaching our Solar System. It isn't going to get close enough to destroy everything, but it will agitate our Sun, ca...

3 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Henry Taylor‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Henry Taylor‭

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Targeting cities with meteors

So this was done in Starship Troopers and I am curious if it is realistic for interplanetary warfare. The idea is that aliens launch meteors at major metropolitan areas...and it ends poorly for th...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by James‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by James‭

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Is an alien race like the Zerg from Starcraft feasible?

A good summary of the Zerg race is given on wikipedia as follows: The Zerg are a collective consciousness of a variety of different races assimilated into the Zerg genome. The Zerg were origina...

2 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Notaras‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by Notaras‭

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Can medieval people make a potato gun?

The spud gun uses air pressure to shoot a projectile - unusually a potato - at high speed towards a distant target much similar to todays revolvers. The only difference is that there is no gunpowde...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by user6760‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by user6760‭

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Making a planet habitable for humanoids: The star

The question: What characteristics are necessary for a planet to be habitable for humans? What should the generic star and planet be like? The life forms are human, so they Need to have access ...

1 answer  ·  posted 9y ago by HDE 226868‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by HDE 226868‭

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Could we improve space travel using beamed energy?

It is some small number of years into the future. We are regularly using beamed energy, as defined in this answer: large arrays of microwave transmitters. We have developed this so that these array...

1 answer  ·  posted 9y ago by ArtOfCode‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by ArtOfCode‭

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What's the most efficient way to destroy civilization from orbit?

What's the easiest way for your stereotypical aliens to destroy civilization from orbit? I'm taking "destroy civilization" to mean the destruction of all large-scale forms of governance, but bonus ...

31 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Nathan Ringo‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Nathan Ringo‭

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Realism of Solid light?

In the game Portal, there are glowing light platforms. These platforms are (supposedly) made of solid, compressed light. How can these realistically be made?

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by dsfisher‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by dsfisher‭

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Making doomsayers right - a moon(s), planet alignment that matters

Considering our topic challenge, and the fantastic eclipse last Sunday a question came to me. Could there be a stable (relatively speaking) planetary system where a(n) eclipse/alignment would actu...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by James‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by James‭

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Super human physics: Iceman blocking bullets

In many movies we see super heroes creating walls of ice to block explosions and bullets. How realistic is this? In the Incredibles Frozone shoots ice at a police officer just before he shoots a ...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by sdrawkcabdear‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by sdrawkcabdear‭

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Racing Around the Edge of a Black Hole

I am trying to understand the physics of an interstellar race. Say two ships are racing past a black hole as if it were a corner on a race track. One of the ships takes a hard line and comes very ...

3 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by John Watmuff‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by John Watmuff‭

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Close Quarters Combat... In Space

A simple enough question, but one that Grimmsdottir and I agonized over. Basically, what would enable close-ranged fighting between space fleets/ships? We both agreed that having gargantuan ships ...

25 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Feaurie Vladskovitz‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Feaurie Vladskovitz‭

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Creating a realistic world(s) map - Stars

This question is a sort of follow-up to Samuel's previous world map question, Creating a realistic world(s) map - planetary systems. Lots of science fiction stories involve journeying to nearby st...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by HDE 226868‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by HDE 226868‭

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What happened when my scientist drilled a hole through Europa's "crust"?

I gave this a quick test on sandbox, and agreed with the comment that I should steer away from the physics part and focus on the geology, etc. Assuming Europa's ice crust is 10km thick as some spe...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Mikey‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Mikey‭

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A planet ringed by stars

Suppose there was a ternary system where the stars are effectively identical in mass, luminosity, radius, etc. These three stars circle a central point rather than two orbiting a larger third. At t...

3 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Frostfyre‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by Frostfyre‭

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Shinespark-like effect with a jet engine

I am working on a 2D platformer game, and I'm trying to introduce a jetpack which would give a shinespark-like ability from Metroid series, i.e. it needs a run-up to a certain speed, at which the e...

1 answer  ·  posted 9y ago by Josh K.‭  ·  last activity 9y ago by Josh K.‭

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Feasibility of conventional life evolving an a sub-zero climate

My basic question is could life 'as we know it' (carbon DNA/RNA based, using water as the main solvent in metabolic processes) evolve on a planet where the temperature ranges from 16 degrees Celsiu...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Vera F W C‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Vera F W C‭

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How much Sulfur Dioxide is needed to freeze life on earth?

This is inspired by What single element could destroy the world?. Injecting sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere has been proposed as a mechanism to relieve the symptoms of global warming by creatin...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by browly‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by browly‭

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How can a Type II civilization influence accretion rates from a debris disk to a passing star?

A young B-type star (with a mass of about 10 M$_{\odot}$) is surrounded by a debris disk extending from about 2 AU to 1000 AU away. The disk has a mass of about 300 Earth masses - enough to form qu...

2 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by HDE 226868‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by James McLellan‭

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How much energy would it take to ignite a brown dwarf?

The Halo video game's extended universe book Halo: Evolutions describes the Battle of Psi Serpentis, in which a superjovian planet is converted into a brown dwarf via massive nuclear bombardment of...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by March Ho‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by March Ho‭

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Viability of using randomly generated electronic radiation to mask the disposition of a fleet from passive scanners with electronic 'white noise'?

Lets say I have a space fleet flying to attack an installation. The enemy knows I'm coming but not my numbers or exact disposition. Since I'm moving much slower then C the light from my fleet wil...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by dsollen‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by dsollen‭

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The limits of human biology: atmospheric tolerances (#1)

This is the first question in a series on the physical limits of the human body. The intent of this series is to, illustrate the upper and lower limits of human biology for the purpose of buil...

1 answer  ·  posted 9y ago by James‭  ·  last activity 9y ago by James‭

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Design me a Mars drone

In this question about a Mars battle set up in 2100-ish, we decided, that the best battle devices would be drones. In that setup the whole "drone" thing was hand-waved, but I would like to know if ...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Pavel Janicek‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Pavel Janicek‭

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Is moonvertising feasible?

As the legend goes, Coca-Cola was planning on shooting lasers at the moon to project their logo. Unfortunately, the FFA said no (they didn't want planes to be blinded). I haven't been able to confi...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by PyRulez‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by PyRulez‭

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Can I use my earth-changing invention to hide in orbit?

I've built a device, it's capable of turning matter to energy and energy to matter with perfect efficiency, I've got the resources to build a space station in secrecy, and I want to get off the pla...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Joe Bloggs‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Joe Bloggs‭

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Close the door on your way out - Life lit by a blue dwarf star

I'm seeking a hard science setting for a piece of xenofiction with a decidedly non-sciencey feel. That said, there is no magic or magic technology. The idea is as follows: A red dwarf star has a...

6 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by rumguff‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by rumguff‭

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Making a Counter-Earth

In this question, it's pointed out that the L3 Lagrange point, where a "true" Counter-Earth would lie, is in fact unstable, and over time any object there would drift into a different orbit. Obvio...

2 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Kromey‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Kromey‭

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What would the average UV-Index of New York City be, if the ozone layer was completely depleted?

If the ozone layer of planet Earth was completely depleted (to near-zero concentrations), what would the average summer UV-index rise to in New York City? If relevant, other changes anticipated ar...

1 answer  ·  posted 9y ago by Michael Eric Oberlin‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by Michael Eric Oberlin‭

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What goods would be worth trading between Earth and Mars?

Mars is a cold, inhospitable, slightly damp ball of rock that would be very difficult to do things like grow crops on. However, it's also very far away. Far enough that, presumably, it would probab...

10 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by ckersch‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by ckersch‭

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Making a planet habitable for humanoids: The planet

The question: What characteristics are necessary for a planet to be habitable for humans? What should the generic star and planet be like? The life forms are human, so they Need to have access ...

3 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by HDE 226868‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by HDE 226868‭

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Can you add a mini moon to Earth?

So we have had multiple questions on having multiple moons and this is another. I did check and didn't find questions that covered this specific setup. I have an earth-like world I am working on, ...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by James‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by James‭

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What would the economic impact of the ability to transmute lead into gold?

Okay, my first trial run, How would humans and society react to a superhero existing and saving the earth?, of social sciences with hard-science is looking some what sickly at the moment (maybe som...

4 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by PyRulez‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by PyRulez‭

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Method to share genetics beyond traditional sexual reproduction

It seems that my ability to create interesting creatures is limited by the need for sexual reproduction, which is absurdly useful, but also rather limiting, method of sharing genetics. I acknowled...

9 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by dsollen‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by dsollen‭

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How large can a volcano be?

A key part of the plot in a story I'm working on revolves around the main region being on top of volcano that is set to erupt. The trouble is that the region in question in my setting is roughly th...

10 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by HDE 226868‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by HDE 226868‭

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Is non-manmade pandemic a realistic threat to modern first world?

Inspired by this question, and my own answer to it: Avoiding galactic pandemics. World ending pandemics are a common disaster/after-the-end story trope, I'm trying to determine if plausible, and h...

5 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by dsollen‭  ·  last activity 9y ago by dsollen‭

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Apparent magnitude of my moon as seen from the planet's surface

Setting: we have a fantasy world which is a planet with much of the same conditions that can be seen on Earth, but with the difference that it is orbited by a moon with a mean diameter of 3 500 km....

1 answer  ·  posted 9y ago by fantasia‭  ·  last activity 9y ago by fantasia‭

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Could a Tank Survive a Nuclear Blast?

In the red corner, a top of the line Main Battle Tank, you can have your pick, but let's say a tricked out M-1A2 'Abrams' with a full Nuclear-Bio-Chem Protection kit. In the blue corner, a Nuclea...

5 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Serban Tanasa‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Serban Tanasa‭

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What kind of environment would lead to dominantly yellow foliage?

I'm looking for various factors; Atmosphere Composition, Type of Sun, etc, whatever would work. That is, of course, if this is even likely/possible. I believe that yellow is generally not an ideal ...

5 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Ria‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Ria‭

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How to quickly leave a planet for another planet en mass starting out from stone age tools?

An alien race decides to test the hability of humans to survive and engage into space travel, for whatever reason. The planets The aliens prepares a pair of Earth-like planets revolving around a ...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Victor Stafusa‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Victor Stafusa‭

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The Babbage Probe

I'm currently exploring a setting where humans have managed to create traversable wormholes with one critical flaw - something in the wormhole both kills multi-cellular life and destroys electronic...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Scott Downey‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Scott Downey‭

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What power generation method is the best to sustain a hovering city?

The Technology We're in the year 2250 on an Earth-like planet. All the space on the earth's surface has been used up by the population of 15 billion, so we're moving into the air. Cities, along wi...

13 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by ArtOfCode‭  ·  last activity 9y ago by ArtOfCode‭

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Personal fart power - is it viable?

It's the future and oil resources have run out. A scientist has suggested using personal fart power to meet our individual power needs. World governments are seriously considering this. They have ...

7 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by chasly from UK‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by chasly from UK‭

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Water percentage

All the worlds I've seen built by me or others have surfaces that are mainly water. Is it possible for a habitable world to exist if the world is mainly land? I'm only talking about 55-65 percent l...

1 answer  ·  posted 9y ago by Uncle Tres‭  ·  last activity 9y ago by Uncle Tres‭