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One thing is if they don't or can't easily read body language or subtle expression. In the Expanse books the people who live in the belt have a lot of hand gestures for things like nodding, shrugg...
That's plenty possible. In fact, if you're willing to fudge your requirements just slightly, it could easily be the case for Earth's moon. Let's look at the equation for orbital speed, also known...
Moving things into low earth orbit might be an option. You could make your ten million dollars with only a single delivery to the ISS. The space shuttle cost \$1.5 Billion per launch. Billion. NA...
The answer to your question, regrettably, is no, and the counterargument is a classic one. The pole is composed of atoms and molecules and particles; it isn't one giant indivisible object. Those ...
Yes, and the planets can orbit in the habitable zones. This page gives a long list of planets in these S-type orbits, and states For a few systems (2 so far), there are planets orbiting each m...
So this is pretty complicated... Wind is caused by differences in pressure. Pressure is effected by both temperature and moisture. The more moisture, the lower the pressure. If the ice all melte...
Alternative answer; Studies show that sleep is your bodies way of purging out toxins and recharging, though a lot of it is still unknown. Instead of caffeine, what if the plant created an enzyme t...
I think it really depends a lot on the lay of the land. If the rainfall increases a lot then low areas with poor drainage would become bogs/swamps. High, well drained areas would probably thrive. A...
Look at Earth's biomes! When it comes to life and everything that comes along with it, we only have one data point, our own planet. Climate modeling is . . . hard. Really hard. When we're talking ...
Avoid helicopters and airships. Try the WC-130 or WP-3D. First, airships are not fantastic choices for maneuvering in high winds. Helicopters are bad enough, but airships are large and slow, meani...
As mentioned; we already know there are rogue planets and possibly even black holes out there. Is the fleet in question cover an area the size of Jupiter? Why wouldn't the better explanation be t...
As you've stated, the paper you cited gives the rate of atmospheric mass loss as approximately $\dot{M}=10^9\text{-}10^{11}\text{ g/s}=10^{6}\text{-}10^8\text{ kg/s}$ of hydrogen. We can convert th...
A possible way to have the virus spread quickly yet be deadly is to have a double effect. Shortly after infection, it basically acts like the common cold. The common cold spreads quite effectively ...
If you want a "realistic" time travel "anyone" could plausibly do, you will have to look at the gaps in modern physics. New Scientist magazine (out of the UK) recently listed 11 things modern physi...
Allow me to introduce you to the Cosmological Principle. According to this, the universe looks the same everywhere, from wherever one stands, and in whatever direction one looks. After all, our p...
To answer the question directly; I don't think it is possible "intelligence" was "brought" by anything; as an earlier answer details, the evidence is overwhelming that intelligence arose slowly ove...
I know you (the OP) have settled on commercial reasons; but in reading the setup I imagine privacy and/or military advantage could be at stake. The inhospitable environment make for a natural "moat...
There is plenty of material in the earlier answers to make them nearly comprehensive; so while I agree with those earlier answers, I will only expand on a devil's advocate view for the fun of it: ...
Yes, it's been tried. Hashizume et al. attempted to use semiconductors (variants of which are also used in normal solar cells) which were subjected to gamma radiation from a radioactive isotope of...
There is only one possible route; which I will describe below, but otherwise your conditions make the task impossible; unless "largely indistinguishable" means "difficult but not impossible" to dis...
All right, let's look at this from a geometric point of view. As seen from Earth, the Sun subtends anywhere between 31.6 and 32.7 minutes of arc in diameter. The area enclosed by a circle (ellipse...
I'd say, kill some small percentage of the children, too, like 20%: Say any and all women that are pregnant when they are first exposed to the disease, pass it on to their fetus; but the immune sys...
You want a cold disk. Mercury is an example of a volatile, which, for our purposes, means that it exists as a solid only at very low temperatures. One thesis (Funk (2015)) classifies it as "modera...
Obviously you need stable orbits long enough for evolutionary forces to take effect (millions of years), but clearly that could be possible with a large moon and some smaller moons; to emphasize th...
Short answer You have the two equations you need on the linked page under the heading "Stage two": $$r_i=\sqrt{\frac{L_{\text{star}}}{1.1}},\quad r_o=\sqrt{\frac{L_{\text{star}}}{0.53}}$$ where $r...
