Factors that determine the geology of a planet (what factors determine the elemental composition of the planet)
This is my first world and I want to build in a way that is physically possible (if this is possible, otherwise make the necessary changes) for my civilization (which is mostly fleshed out) but I don't know where to start.
I am looking for an introduction to the exact science, in the same way, that python serves as an introduction to programming (for some).
{Books, textbooks, youtube channels, websites etc}
on the civilization for whoever is interested
my civilization is made of human-sized arthropods (with approx 1830 tech) that live in flying cities that are connected to the canopies of huge trees (for which the bugs build systems in order to help the trees grow taller) by cables. on the ground live massive mammals that slowly tread between the trees and in the air massive flying creatures ascend from the canopies to snatch a few bugs from a city (they can only fly for a short time based on their size). They get their minerals (and other resources which they lack) through mineral fruits made by the trees because of a very long symbiosis between them that caused them to evolve to suit the bugs' needs. because of the high atmospheric pressure and low gravity of the planet (which I know require a high temperature), the bugs also build flying contraptions easily.
Addendum: I know that there is a list with a lot of info on worldb building (climate, mining, economy, etc. A list of worldbuilding resources) But I couldn't find anything in it about what affects the elements inside the planet (Iron, Carbon, copper etc.) And on the composition of the core and the mantle. But If I would love to know if I missed something.
Addendum 2: There is a similar question Creating a realistic world map - Mineralogy that covers the location of minerals on the surface of a planet, this question is focused on the elements themselves and not the materials that are composed from them, for an answer on what minerals will be present and where they will be distributed go to the link above.
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1 answer
Rather than copying the list of resources to here, I suggest that interested parties browse the answer to this previous question (A list of worldbuilding-resources?) where an humongous long list of resources is to be found.
You could do worse than start with this intro youtube vid to the solar system's geology.
Here's another touching on some big moons of the solar system.
I'm pleased to say that there are related and potentially useful Q&As on Earthsciences.se, as some exoplanet and speculative issues are dealt with there from time to time.
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