How could a planet have one hemisphere way warmer than the other without the planet being tidally locked?
I would like a planet that's a tropical paradise on one side but covered in ice and glaciers on the opposite side, whether it be the Southern-Northern or the Western-Eastern hemisphere.
I know it would be theoretically possible by making the planet tidally locked to its star but I'd like to avoid that because I want normal day and night cycles and a normal year length (26 Earth hours long days and an orbital period of 390 Earth days).
How could I make all of that happen?
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The cold side would need to be a near desert, or in a few hundreds of years all the water would be trapped in the ice on the cold side. You would need some way to keep the moisture on the warm side.
Several existing answers talk about raising the elevation on the cold side, to make it cold. If you go that route you need to make the elevation high enough so that most of the rain falls on the coast of the cold side.
The weather on the coast of the cold side would be much like Western Washington and Oregon How Geography Shapes Regional Weather of the United States which is relatively wet and warm, most of your population would choose to live on the coast unless the slope was VERY sharp.
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