How might a highly intelligent aquatic species (mermaids) communicate underwater?
I'm trying to create basically realistic mermaids, and working on developing body language and vocalizations. I have most of the vocalizations I can think of (suggestions are still appreciated), but definitely need a lot more body language. Ideas?
Edit: They are a highly social colony species, so it should be somewhat complex, and interactions between colony members would be especially helpful. I'm also trying to avoid overly human interactions such as kissing or holding hands.
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A combination of signed language and vocalizations is your best bet. Because both hearing and sight can be compromised under water, a redundant system allows for maximum communication in a variety of situations. I'm envisioning both systems used simultaneously but with communication possible if it's dark or if there is a safety issue where the merfolk have to be quiet (predators, humans), or there is too much ambient noise.
I will also add tactile sign language. This is how (most) people who are deaf and blind communicate and also Deaf people with normal vision who happen to be in the dark or who need to focus visually on something else (a couple at night, friends at the movie theater, etc).
I have very basic sign language skills, and my spouse even less, yet it's remarkably easy to figure out what someone is saying by only laying your hand on theirs. If it's a sign or letter you know visually, you'll get it most of the time tactilely. Obviously someone who uses the skill regularly would be expert in it.
A colony species would be physically close together so communication can spread from one hand to another until everyone gets the message. A human observer might think the merfolk are "holding hands" but, since their hands are touching for communicative purposes, it will have very different cultural meaning and practical applications.
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