Effects of asteroid passing very close to the planet

I am trying to think of a natural event that causes very big impact to human lives - massive movements of people, shift of power, etc. This event happens in a medieval period on an earth-like planet.

I was thinking that a large asteroid passing very close to earth can cause significant perturbations. I would like to know what disasters can such an event lead to.

Fires is the obvious one. What about earthquakes due to the gravity of the asteroid that change the relief of the surface of the planet? What about giant waves that lead to floods?

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Effects of asteroid passing very close to the planet

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