Are human languages influenced by the climate?

Sometimes when building a world, and in particular since Tolkien, one may wish to create original languages for the inhabitants. There are some information around the site about the creation of conlang, but @knave made a good summary on our blog. From there, we learn that one of the first step is to decide on the phonemes of the new language.

However in the world creation steps, it is likely that we define the climate and geography of the world before populating it.

I was thus wondering whether the climate or geography had some influence in the phoneme used in a given region. Are colder countries more prone to use guttural sounds? Etc.

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Are human languages influenced by the climate?

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