Can a technologically advanced society exist in parallel to a backward society?

In the universe that I'm creating, the earth has been destroyed by nuclear wars fought by human kind. Nearly 98% of the population has been wiped out. There exists a society of technologically advanced humans who control the energy on the planet but rely on the uncivilized for labor. The technologically advanced have advanced weapons with which they are able to subjugate the weak, who do not have access to such things.

Could such a society exist? What all things should be kept in mind with regards to this? How could this change be brought about?

I was thinking that due to a energy shortage, this group could concentrate power in their hands and as the commoners retaliated, it would gradually lead to an all out nuclear war which wipe out most of the populace.

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Can a technologically advanced society exist in parallel to a backward society?

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