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Rigorous Science

Q&A with a focus on more stringent analysis. Questions and answers should be well-researched, clearly explained, and supported with references, equations, or empirical evidence based on current, widely-accepted science. Please read the category guidelines.

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What if the Moon gets a new big crater?

When I was observing the Moon yesterday, I asked myself: What would happen if a meteoroid impacted the Moon on the more clear part of the Moon which we can see, leaving a crater of the size like t...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Zaibis‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Zaibis‭

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73 Gigatonnes of TNT upon collision could cause how many casualties?

So, after going through a some rough calculations, I figured my earlier question ran into a few problems regarding the final velocity of the asteroid. I pulled the mathematics a bit incorrect, so I...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Future Historian‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Future Historian‭

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What would the economic impact of the ability to transmute lead into gold?

Okay, my first trial run, How would humans and society react to a superhero existing and saving the earth?, of social sciences with hard-science is looking some what sickly at the moment (maybe som...

4 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by PyRulez‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by PyRulez‭

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If a colonial uprising occurred (and succeeded to some extent), what would the implications be on extraplanetary policy?

So, I ran into a problem regarding the aftermath of a colonial war for independence. What happens is the following: The scenario is this: late 24th Century, humans have colonised the Inner Solar Sy...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Future Historian‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Future Historian‭

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Could a large bird be used as transportation?

Sometimes I reminisce about the giant eagles from The Lord of the Rings and two things come to mind: Boy, I wish I could have my own giant eagle! Could a bird even carry something that heavy on i...

7 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by jackwise‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by jackwise‭

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Is this an appropriate manned interstellar mission profile?

My idea was to use 2 stages for an interstellar spacecraft (particularly the Orion Drive) and use it in a way similar to Project: Daedalus. Phase 1 would involve accelerating to cruising speed foll...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Future Historian‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Future Historian‭

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Would post-traumatic stress disorder exist identically in a pre-industrial warfare setting?

I'm not into psychology, but I've heard a lot about veterans who have committed suicide, went crazy, became addicted or have their lives ruined in other ways because of the shock they lived through...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Zoltán Schmidt‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Zoltán Schmidt‭

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Would a person with high voltage outfit (or skin) be able to fly?

Assume there's a human being who can keep a strong electric potential near to (or on) his skin. Is it possible to use the air-ionizing property, or similar ones solely or mostly solely based on thi...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Zoltán Schmidt‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Zoltán Schmidt‭

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Habitability of an icy volcano planet

Suppose we have a rocky planet (somewhere between Earth- and Super-Earth- sized) orbiting a star far enough away that it would be around Pluto's temperature if sunlight was the only heat source. If...

3 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Joshua Snider‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Joshua Snider‭

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Could Jupiter moon Europa become habitable when the sun enters its red giant stage?

It is estimated that in about five billion years, our sun will enter its red giant stage. During that phase it will expand and completely engulf Mercury, Venus and possible Earth. Earth will either...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Philipp‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Philipp‭

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How to get across the galaxy moving slower than light - in a single lifetime?

All the recent talk on Worldbuilding about the vast energies available to higher-level Kardashev civilizations, the need for 50,000 year message-systems, and so on, got me thinking. With enough ene...

6 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Serban Tanasa‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Serban Tanasa‭

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How could humans recognize another species as sentient / intelligent?

There is this fantasy in fiction that humans meet another species and figure out that it's intelligent. This usually happens with dragons, dolphins, aliens, collectively intelligent plancton... Bu...

10 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Sheraff‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Sheraff‭

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Can free-space holograms exist?

Holograms are a real thing. But what science-fiction TV shows and movies call holograms are something different entirely. From a classical geometric optics standpoint, in order to create the illu...

6 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by 2012rcampion‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by 2012rcampion‭

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Would it be possible to locate the Milky Way from a distant galaxy?

Given Earth's current level of technology, space- and ground- based astronomical tools, etc., to what extent would it be possible to locate the Milky Way from a somewhat distant galaxy, say, in ano...

2 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by meaot‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by meaot‭

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Could there be an atmosphere in which I could both be alive and float?

There an atmospheres in which I can live, like Earth's. There are atmospheres in which I can float, like if it were a really heavy gas. Is there some atmospheric composition where I could both be a...

9 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by PyRulez‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by PyRulez‭

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Fusion candle - getting Earth to Jupiter

In A World Out of Time, per Schlock Mercenary, Earth is moved to a new home by lighting a fusion candle. The fusion candle idea is discussed in the Schlock quote: Building a gas-giant colony s...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Mark‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Mark‭

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At what distance from these planets should this moon be placed?

I have two earth clones, in essence, separated by 16550 miles (26350 kilometers). They are, of course, tidally locked, and orbit each other once every 24 hours. These planets orbit a sun identical ...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Xandar The Zenon‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Xandar The Zenon‭

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How much energy would it take to ignite a brown dwarf?

The Halo video game's extended universe book Halo: Evolutions describes the Battle of Psi Serpentis, in which a superjovian planet is converted into a brown dwarf via massive nuclear bombardment of...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by March Ho‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by March Ho‭

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How big a black hole is needed for this story?

The story begins in classic disaster film style. A small rogue black hole is approaching our Solar System. It isn't going to get close enough to destroy everything, but it will agitate our Sun, ca...

3 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Henry Taylor‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Henry Taylor‭

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The Babbage Probe

I'm currently exploring a setting where humans have managed to create traversable wormholes with one critical flaw - something in the wormhole both kills multi-cellular life and destroys electronic...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Scott Downey‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Scott Downey‭

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Is it (practically) possible to determine the stellar coordinates of a planet from a photograph of the night sky?

For my story, I need to know the following: I have a (long exposure) analog (as in "not digital") picture of the night sky taken on a random planet somewhere in the Milky Way galaxy. I know it i...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by mg30rg‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by mg30rg‭

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Materials for a nanofabricated giant monster

In How large a bioengineered mobile lifeform could exist on Earth?, I asked how big my nanoassembled war beasts could be, and it was suggested that I make my question more specific. I am designing...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Monty Wild‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Monty Wild‭

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How to quickly leave a planet for another planet en mass starting out from stone age tools?

An alien race decides to test the hability of humans to survive and engage into space travel, for whatever reason. The planets The aliens prepares a pair of Earth-like planets revolving around a ...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Victor Stafusa‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Victor Stafusa‭

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Feasibility of conventional life evolving an a sub-zero climate

My basic question is could life 'as we know it' (carbon DNA/RNA based, using water as the main solvent in metabolic processes) evolve on a planet where the temperature ranges from 16 degrees Celsiu...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Vera F W C‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Vera F W C‭

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Given a billion dollars, build the most visible orbiting satellite possible

As per the title, given A billion ($10^9$) dollars. Present day technology. A year of time (including making projects and testing), (preferred, not compulsory) No restriction about maximal nor mi...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Caridorc‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Caridorc‭

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Does an arbitrary constant burn path between two orbiting bodies exist?

I have an engine with unlimited $\Delta v$. Don't ask how I got it, it's probably one of my earth changing inventions. Either way: I no longer like Earth and want to get off (I'm headed for a reti...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Joe Bloggs‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Joe Bloggs‭

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How would a population react to an AI made for the purpose of statewide surveillance using current tech?

Setting The US is waging a failing War on Drugs where cartels are quickly gaining power. Scenario In the near future, say 2030, with current technology, the Texas state government is implementin...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Carlos Danger‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Carlos Danger‭

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Could you "create" a fertilized human foetus without sperm?

Arising from the comments in This Question, which started to stray offtopic into the question of whether men are needed at all. In Short: Could you create a fertilized human (necessarily female) f...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Ieuan Stanley‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Ieuan Stanley‭

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What single element could destroy the world?

What single chemical element (get out your periodic tables) could most efficiently destroy all life on the planet. Restrictions: Natural elements only, and no anti-matter...nice try. Looking for...

17 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by James‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by James‭

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How much Sulfur Dioxide is needed to freeze life on earth?

This is inspired by What single element could destroy the world?. Injecting sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere has been proposed as a mechanism to relieve the symptoms of global warming by creatin...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by browly‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by browly‭

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Equations or process to determine the result of a collision between two objects?

When looking to design armor - how can I determine whether a given ballistic object would completely stop, deflect into another direction, or penetrate another object given complete physical inform...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by DoubleDouble‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by DoubleDouble‭

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Super human physics: Iceman blocking bullets

In many movies we see super heroes creating walls of ice to block explosions and bullets. How realistic is this? In the Incredibles Frozone shoots ice at a police officer just before he shoots a ...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by sdrawkcabdear‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by sdrawkcabdear‭

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Metal foam for space constructs

So I'm writing a setting featuring asteroid mining à la Deep Space Industries, where the material mined is used for construction in space rather than brought to Earth. To maximize efficiency, I'm ...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Jetscooters‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Jetscooters‭

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What happened when my scientist drilled a hole through Europa's "crust"?

I gave this a quick test on sandbox, and agreed with the comment that I should steer away from the physics part and focus on the geology, etc. Assuming Europa's ice crust is 10km thick as some spe...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Mikey‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Mikey‭

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Why not build a space elevator starting from the moon?

Anchor one end of the cable to the side of the moon that faces the earth. Drop the other end of the cable to earth so that it drags along the ground. The earth's gravity and friction contributes a ...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Lorry Laurence mcLarry‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Lorry Laurence mcLarry‭

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Can I use my earth-changing invention to hide in orbit?

I've built a device, it's capable of turning matter to energy and energy to matter with perfect efficiency, I've got the resources to build a space station in secrecy, and I want to get off the pla...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Joe Bloggs‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Joe Bloggs‭

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Viability of using randomly generated electronic radiation to mask the disposition of a fleet from passive scanners with electronic 'white noise'?

Lets say I have a space fleet flying to attack an installation. The enemy knows I'm coming but not my numbers or exact disposition. Since I'm moving much slower then C the light from my fleet wil...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by dsollen‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by dsollen‭

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Is moonvertising feasible?

As the legend goes, Coca-Cola was planning on shooting lasers at the moon to project their logo. Unfortunately, the FFA said no (they didn't want planes to be blinded). I haven't been able to confi...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by PyRulez‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by PyRulez‭

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How long time would it take for a space hulk to lose orbit?

In the Warhammer 40k universe, there are planets where the population hasn't developed so far and are left in the feudal stage, (or the technology has degenerated so much it is back to the point). ...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Magic-Mouse‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Magic-Mouse‭

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How full of people does our solar system have to become, to cause massive destruction to it?

It's the far future. Humans are still! increasing in population. We have developed habitable orbital structures and terraformed any planet we possibly could. We reached the maximum potential for h...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by DoubleDouble‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by DoubleDouble‭

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How to get rid of moon stations?

I have a story where a powerful outside force killed (next to) all humans on earth some decades ago. The way I want to build it is that it required that the human outposts on the moon to die as we...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Angelo Fuchs‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Angelo Fuchs‭

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What would a space elevator on the moon be made out of?

Okay, so some space miners fly into space to get Helium-3, and then fly it back to earth to sell to non-space people. Flying into and off the earth is rather expensive, so they want to simply take ...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by PyRulez‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by PyRulez‭

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What is the highest acceleration that a normal human could safely endure for (say) 8 hours?

I want to get a shuttle from place to place in a reasonable amount of time. Say, 6 to 8 hours maximum, with a short break at the midpoint to turn around. Assuming constant acceleration to midpoin...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by piersb‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by piersb‭

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How could Kuutamian animals work?

In Ribbontails Series Aman5 there are creatures called Kuutamian animals. These animals are sapient and can have any form. The creator uses the excuse that they have three DNA strands, but how real...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Uncle Tres‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Uncle Tres‭

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Replicating the biblical flood

The Biblical story of the Flood describes how over a period of 40 days the earth is flooded so that the peak of the highest mountain is 15 cubits/22.5ft/6.858m below the new mean sea level. The fl...

6 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Monty Wild‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Monty Wild‭

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How can an advanced civilization harvest energy from an x-ray binary?

An x-ray binary is a binary star system consisting of a star and a stellar remnant. As matter is ripped from the star and is then accelerated into the neutron star/black hole by its gravity, x-ray...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by user6760‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by user6760‭

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A spacecraft the size of Apollo 11's lunar module, composed of antimatter, around a normal star

After writing this question, I came up with a new question. Consideration The considerations are mostly similar to the linked question (reading it is highly encouraged, as I am trying to post as...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Hendrik Lie‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Hendrik Lie‭

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How can future Mars colonists combat intelligence loss?

Earth is more massive than Mars, so people on Martian soil would definitely suffer some health issues due to weaker gravity. Blood circulation is badly affected as heart muscles starts to deteriora...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by user6760‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by user6760‭

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Blind spot in the Solar System

An alien spaceship the size of an Empire State Building experiences a technical issues with its cloaking device, their duty technician needs 24 hours to repair and meanwhile the alien wants to avoi...

11 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by user6760‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by user6760‭

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Design me a Mars drone

In this question about a Mars battle set up in 2100-ish, we decided, that the best battle devices would be drones. In that setup the whole "drone" thing was hand-waved, but I would like to know if ...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Pavel Janicek‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Pavel Janicek‭