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Rigorous Science

Q&A with a focus on more stringent analysis. Questions and answers should be well-researched, clearly explained, and supported with references, equations, or empirical evidence based on current, widely-accepted science. Please read the category guidelines.

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Can Crystals be used to store data?

In many science fiction stories, crystals where used by ancient alien civilisations to store information that could last millions of years. For example, in Stargate, "control crystals" that looke...

5 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Notaras‭  ·  last activity 5y ago by Notaras‭

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Making doomsayers right - a moon(s), planet alignment that matters

Considering our topic challenge, and the fantastic eclipse last Sunday a question came to me. Could there be a stable (relatively speaking) planetary system where a(n) eclipse/alignment would actu...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by James‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by James‭

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Making a Counter-Earth

In this question, it's pointed out that the L3 Lagrange point, where a "true" Counter-Earth would lie, is in fact unstable, and over time any object there would drift into a different orbit. Obvio...

2 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Kromey‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Kromey‭

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Feasibility of conventional life evolving an a sub-zero climate

My basic question is could life 'as we know it' (carbon DNA/RNA based, using water as the main solvent in metabolic processes) evolve on a planet where the temperature ranges from 16 degrees Celsiu...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Vera F W C‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Vera F W C‭

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Can you make arbitrary food out of yeast?

In his Robot Series, Isaac Asimov mentions "yeast substitutes" as a way of creating enough food to feed everybody in the Cities. It's also mentioned in Prelude to Foundation. Here's a few quotes fr...

1 answer  ·  posted 7y ago by isanae‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by isanae‭

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Could my moons-planet system be stable?

In my fictional world I have selected all parameters to maximize the Hills Sphere of my planet. The planet has three times Earth's mass and it is located in 2 AU from its star that's 1.4 times more...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by teorf‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by teorf‭

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Could there be an upside down hurricane on a gaseous super-Earth

I wrote a novel based on a human civilization that lives floating cities and dirigibles on a small, atmosphere-abundant super-Earth with a liquid water core (there's a smaller solid core under that...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Adam Wykes‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Adam Wykes‭

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What would it take to build a ship capable of crossing the Pacific?

In my story, I have a small extended family of 30 to 40 individuals ranging in age from 0 to 50 who are on the run from Chinese and Japanese forces in 1400AD. No place in Asia is safe for them. By...

17 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Green‭  ·  last activity 5y ago by Green‭

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How can future Mars colonists combat intelligence loss?

Earth is more massive than Mars, so people on Martian soil would definitely suffer some health issues due to weaker gravity. Blood circulation is badly affected as heart muscles starts to deteriora...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by user6760‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by user6760‭

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Can people upload their consciousnesses to computers?

The idea of uploading one's personality and consciousness to a computer is a semi-common science fiction trope. It has been suggested as a way to essential immortality. In a story I'm working on, ...

9 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by HDE 226868‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by HDE 226868‭

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How similar to earth could a planet which experiences a permanent day be?

I want to play with the idea of a sapient species evolving on a world where at least part of the world experiences a permanent day. The obvious way to doing this would be where part of the world f...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by dsollen‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by dsollen‭

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Creating a realistic world(s) map - Stars

This question is a sort of follow-up to Samuel's previous world map question, Creating a realistic world(s) map - planetary systems. Lots of science fiction stories involve journeying to nearby st...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by HDE 226868‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by HDE 226868‭

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A spacecraft the size of Apollo 11's lunar module, composed of antimatter, around a normal star

After writing this question, I came up with a new question. Consideration The considerations are mostly similar to the linked question (reading it is highly encouraged, as I am trying to post as...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Hendrik Lie‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Hendrik Lie‭

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Apparent magnitude of my moon as seen from the planet's surface

Setting: we have a fantasy world which is a planet with much of the same conditions that can be seen on Earth, but with the difference that it is orbited by a moon with a mean diameter of 3 500 km....

1 answer  ·  posted 9y ago by fantasia‭  ·  last activity 9y ago by fantasia‭

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Can a planet survive a supernova?

The Sun has nowhere near enough mass to enter the branch of stellar evolution that would lead to a supernova, fortunately for us. However, there are planets that orbit stars that are destined to go...

5 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by HDE 226868‭  ·  last activity 5y ago by HDE 226868‭

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Blind spot in the Solar System

An alien spaceship the size of an Empire State Building experiences a technical issues with its cloaking device, their duty technician needs 24 hours to repair and meanwhile the alien wants to avoi...

11 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by user6760‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by user6760‭

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Could a greek or roman boat be blown to the americas in a storm?

This question prompts me to evaluate the possibility that the romans or greeks could be blown in a storm to the Americas and survive if they had enough water provisions? Or maybe not provisions bu...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Joze‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Joze‭

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How far could a planet be from its star and still be kept habitable by intense greenhouse gases?

Epimetheus is a planet with about three times the mass of Earth orbiting a sun-like star in the Andromeda galaxy. However, two major factors separate Epimetheus from Earth. First, it has a thick at...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by ckersch‭  ·  last activity 5y ago by ckersch‭

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If we separate the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and install a generator in Panama canal, how much electricity do we get?

Could one (and how much) generate electricity by building a wall connecting: South Africa to Antarctica South America to Antarctica Northern Canada to Northern Greenland Northern Greenland to Rus...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by mpme‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by mpme‭

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Identifying viable settlement locations from orbit

This question discusses what you'd look at from space, but mostly focuses on how you could identify the weather. This question discusses what resources a colony would need, but doesn't discuss ho...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Jon Takagi‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Jon Takagi‭

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Would it be possible to use the earth's rotation to launch spaceships to other planets?

A really simple question - if you built a space elevator then you continue building past the geostationary point to put tension onto the tether. Now if you keep building out further and further the...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Tim B‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Tim B‭

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What would the average UV-Index of New York City be, if the ozone layer was completely depleted?

If the ozone layer of planet Earth was completely depleted (to near-zero concentrations), what would the average summer UV-index rise to in New York City? If relevant, other changes anticipated ar...

1 answer  ·  posted 9y ago by Michael Eric Oberlin‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by Michael Eric Oberlin‭

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The limits of human biology: atmospheric tolerances (#1)

This is the first question in a series on the physical limits of the human body. The intent of this series is to, illustrate the upper and lower limits of human biology for the purpose of buil...

1 answer  ·  posted 9y ago by James‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by James‭

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What would the industrial age be like without oil and coal?

Consider a civilization with the industrial age technologies. Oil and coal are rare (probably used up). All products produced by oil and coal are also nonexistent. The civilization has invented ele...

7 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by sorpaas‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by sorpaas‭

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Airborne Hotels - Stabilizing and steering a Cloud Nine tensegrity sphere

Following on from this question: Can Cloud Nine be built? Let us assume we have constructed a Cloud Nine tensegrity sphere with a 2 kilometer diameter out of a durable material for use in Earth's ...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by nmit026‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by nmit026‭

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How would a population react to an AI made for the purpose of statewide surveillance using current tech?

Setting The US is waging a failing War on Drugs where cartels are quickly gaining power. Scenario In the near future, say 2030, with current technology, the Texas state government is implementin...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Carlos Danger‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Carlos Danger‭

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How much energy would it take to ignite a brown dwarf?

The Halo video game's extended universe book Halo: Evolutions describes the Battle of Psi Serpentis, in which a superjovian planet is converted into a brown dwarf via massive nuclear bombardment of...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by March Ho‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by March Ho‭

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Attenuation of a laser in space?

Given that a laser beam is made up of coherent light waves running in parallel in the same direction, and that space is not a complete vacuum (dust, radiation, electromagnetic forces etc.), what ki...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Smoj‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by Smoj‭

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Large spider walking upside down

Many fantasy stories involve large spiders like in Harry Potter. These creatures behave almost exactly like normal spiders despite their size. My question is: can large spiders still walk upside d...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Vincent‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Vincent‭

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How dark would an impact winter really be?

How dark would it be living in an impact winter? Where would an asteroid have to hit earth to cause an impact winter? gives a great breakdown of the effects of an impact winter, but I'd like to k...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by socrates‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by socrates‭

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Low-tech inertial dampener options

As mentioned in this discussion: How to keep humans pilots instead of AI in sci-fi future? the ability to handle G forces is a limiting factor on what pilots can do. Some of my solutions to addres...

8 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by dsollen‭  ·  last activity 5y ago by dsollen‭

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What goods would be worth trading between Earth and Mars?

Mars is a cold, inhospitable, slightly damp ball of rock that would be very difficult to do things like grow crops on. However, it's also very far away. Far enough that, presumably, it would probab...

10 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by ckersch‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by ckersch‭

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TotalRewind™ (brain chip)

In 2015 we can rewind the TV, our CCTV footage and, if we wear an action cam, our latest adventure. However if we walk down the street and something happens we didn't quite catch, the annoying fact...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by chasly from UK‭  ·  edited 4y ago by Canina‭

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Impact Winter: light as a commodity

For those unfamiliar, An impact winter is a hypothesized period of prolonged cold weather due to the impact of a large asteroid or comet on the Earth's surface. (Wikipedia) In my world I want...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by socrates‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by socrates‭

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Is a moon made entirely of water possible?

I have two earth clones, in essence, separated by *16550 miles (26350 kilometers). They are, of course, tidally locked, and orbit each other once every 24 hours. These planets orbit a sun identical...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Xandar The Zenon‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by Xandar The Zenon‭

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How large can a volcano be?

A key part of the plot in a story I'm working on revolves around the main region being on top of volcano that is set to erupt. The trouble is that the region in question in my setting is roughly th...

10 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by HDE 226868‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by HDE 226868‭

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Would post-traumatic stress disorder exist identically in a pre-industrial warfare setting?

I'm not into psychology, but I've heard a lot about veterans who have committed suicide, went crazy, became addicted or have their lives ruined in other ways because of the shock they lived through...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Zoltán Schmidt‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Zoltán Schmidt‭

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Can this planetary system remain stable?

Before we begin, this system is created by aliens, and all orbits are on the same plane. These orbits are similar to earth's in shape. So, none of this has to occur naturally it just has to be stab...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Xandar The Zenon‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Xandar The Zenon‭

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Silent low altitude long range supersonic drone

In the near future, drones replace military fighter jets that require human pilots. These drones will be travelling at many times the speed of sound. Highly sophisticated drones will be able to eva...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by user6760‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by user6760‭

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How much Sulfur Dioxide is needed to freeze life on earth?

This is inspired by What single element could destroy the world?. Injecting sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere has been proposed as a mechanism to relieve the symptoms of global warming by creatin...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by browly‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by browly‭

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What minerals can be used to make teeth?

Vertebrate tooth enamel is made from Hydroxylapatite, however this need not be the only material available that an alien species could use to make teeth or tooth-like structures. Given that an ide...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Monty Wild‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by Monty Wild‭

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Water percentage

All the worlds I've seen built by me or others have surfaces that are mainly water. Is it possible for a habitable world to exist if the world is mainly land? I'm only talking about 55-65 percent l...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Uncle Tres‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Uncle Tres‭

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With current technology, what would be the best way to store energy for future generations?

Let's say that the world has successfully converted and only depends on renewable resources for our home energy needs. In fact, we have a massive surplus - currently in the form of raw electricity ...

19 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by DoubleDouble‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by DoubleDouble‭

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Habitability of an icy volcano planet

Suppose we have a rocky planet (somewhere between Earth- and Super-Earth- sized) orbiting a star far enough away that it would be around Pluto's temperature if sunlight was the only heat source. If...

3 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Joshua Snider‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Joshua Snider‭

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How big can a moon be where you can physically jump out of its orbit, to its planet?

So, imagine a team of space marines, fighting some sort of space bug zombies on a planet's moon. Things are going pretty bad for them, and the last surviving protagonists are running for their live...

7 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by DaaaahWhoosh‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by DaaaahWhoosh‭

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Could you "create" a fertilized human foetus without sperm?

Arising from the comments in This Question, which started to stray offtopic into the question of whether men are needed at all. In Short: Could you create a fertilized human (necessarily female) f...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Ieuan Stanley‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Ieuan Stanley‭

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Cosmic Background Radiation in the past

I have a story where a species of the very first (literally first) carbon-based humanoid life (surprise!) that happen to emerge roughly seven billion years ago (their home system were formed twelve...

2 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Hendrik Lie‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Hendrik Lie‭

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Viability of using randomly generated electronic radiation to mask the disposition of a fleet from passive scanners with electronic 'white noise'?

Lets say I have a space fleet flying to attack an installation. The enemy knows I'm coming but not my numbers or exact disposition. Since I'm moving much slower then C the light from my fleet wil...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by dsollen‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by dsollen‭

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Is moonvertising feasible?

As the legend goes, Coca-Cola was planning on shooting lasers at the moon to project their logo. Unfortunately, the FFA said no (they didn't want planes to be blinded). I haven't been able to confi...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by PyRulez‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by PyRulez‭

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Does an arbitrary constant burn path between two orbiting bodies exist?

I have an engine with unlimited $\Delta v$. Don't ask how I got it, it's probably one of my earth changing inventions. Either way: I no longer like Earth and want to get off (I'm headed for a reti...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Joe Bloggs‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Joe Bloggs‭