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Rigorous Science

Q&A with a focus on more stringent analysis. Questions and answers should be well-researched, clearly explained, and supported with references, equations, or empirical evidence based on current, widely-accepted science. Please read the category guidelines.

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How would a population react to an AI made for the purpose of statewide surveillance using current tech?

Setting The US is waging a failing War on Drugs where cartels are quickly gaining power. Scenario In the near future, say 2030, with current technology, the Texas state government is implementin...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Carlos Danger‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Carlos Danger‭

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Could you "create" a fertilized human foetus without sperm?

Arising from the comments in This Question, which started to stray offtopic into the question of whether men are needed at all. In Short: Could you create a fertilized human (necessarily female) f...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Ieuan Stanley‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Ieuan Stanley‭

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How much Sulfur Dioxide is needed to freeze life on earth?

This is inspired by What single element could destroy the world?. Injecting sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere has been proposed as a mechanism to relieve the symptoms of global warming by creatin...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by browly‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by browly‭

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Materials for a nanofabricated giant monster

In How large a bioengineered mobile lifeform could exist on Earth?, I asked how big my nanoassembled war beasts could be, and it was suggested that I make my question more specific. I am designing...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Monty Wild‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Monty Wild‭

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Equations or process to determine the result of a collision between two objects?

When looking to design armor - how can I determine whether a given ballistic object would completely stop, deflect into another direction, or penetrate another object given complete physical inform...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by DoubleDouble‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by DoubleDouble‭

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Is it (practically) possible to determine the stellar coordinates of a planet from a photograph of the night sky?

For my story, I need to know the following: I have a (long exposure) analog (as in "not digital") picture of the night sky taken on a random planet somewhere in the Milky Way galaxy. I know it i...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by mg30rg‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by mg30rg‭

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Attenuation of a laser in space?

Given that a laser beam is made up of coherent light waves running in parallel in the same direction, and that space is not a complete vacuum (dust, radiation, electromagnetic forces etc.), what ki...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Smoj‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by Smoj‭

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How similar to earth could a planet which experiences a permanent day be?

I want to play with the idea of a sapient species evolving on a world where at least part of the world experiences a permanent day. The obvious way to doing this would be where part of the world f...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by dsollen‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by dsollen‭

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Could edible fish live in a large water tank used as a radiation shield on a spacecraft?

As a source of food, would it be possible to have fish and/or plants living inside a water tank situated between the fusion or fission power plant and the crew quarters of a ship? The ship in ques...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Smoj‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by Smoj‭

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Metal foam for space constructs

So I'm writing a setting featuring asteroid mining à la Deep Space Industries, where the material mined is used for construction in space rather than brought to Earth. To maximize efficiency, I'm ...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Jetscooters‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Jetscooters‭

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Super human physics: Iceman blocking bullets

In many movies we see super heroes creating walls of ice to block explosions and bullets. How realistic is this? In the Incredibles Frozone shoots ice at a police officer just before he shoots a ...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by sdrawkcabdear‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by sdrawkcabdear‭

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What would a hard boundary mean in physics on the quantum-mechanical level?

In this question I asked about the possibilities of what a boundary might be like, with emphasis on the storytelling. Now I'd like to investigate what a hard boundary would mean in quantum mechani...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by JDługosz‭  ·  edited 4y ago by HDE 226868‭

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What happened when my scientist drilled a hole through Europa's "crust"?

I gave this a quick test on sandbox, and agreed with the comment that I should steer away from the physics part and focus on the geology, etc. Assuming Europa's ice crust is 10km thick as some spe...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Mikey‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Mikey‭

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Modern technology during WW2, can it be powered safely?

Imagine someone from the modern day somehow gets transported back in time around the same time of WW2 without warning ahead of time. He has with him a laptop, graphing calculator (and a hand full ...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by dsollen‭  ·  last activity 5y ago by dsollen‭

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Can I use my earth-changing invention to hide in orbit?

I've built a device, it's capable of turning matter to energy and energy to matter with perfect efficiency, I've got the resources to build a space station in secrecy, and I want to get off the pla...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Joe Bloggs‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Joe Bloggs‭

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Where would water come from in an underground colony?

A large solar flare event ignites the atmosphere of Earth, but luckily, humans have been preparing for an event like this for some time. We have a fairly large shelter around 2.2 kilometers undergr...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by QuiquÈ…‭  ·  last activity 5y ago by QuiquÈ…‭

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What kind of human music do badger-folk like?

Okay, so now that we've established that the badger folk (or Melinae sapien, if you want to be politically correct) are trading their ore to the humans for cat food. Now we need to determine what ...

6 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by PyRulez‭  ·  last activity 5y ago by PyRulez‭

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Viability of using randomly generated electronic radiation to mask the disposition of a fleet from passive scanners with electronic 'white noise'?

Lets say I have a space fleet flying to attack an installation. The enemy knows I'm coming but not my numbers or exact disposition. Since I'm moving much slower then C the light from my fleet wil...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by dsollen‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by dsollen‭

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Is moonvertising feasible?

As the legend goes, Coca-Cola was planning on shooting lasers at the moon to project their logo. Unfortunately, the FFA said no (they didn't want planes to be blinded). I haven't been able to confi...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by PyRulez‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by PyRulez‭

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How much energy would it take to ignite a brown dwarf?

The Halo video game's extended universe book Halo: Evolutions describes the Battle of Psi Serpentis, in which a superjovian planet is converted into a brown dwarf via massive nuclear bombardment of...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by March Ho‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by March Ho‭

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Realism of Solid light?

In the game Portal, there are glowing light platforms. These platforms are (supposedly) made of solid, compressed light. How can these realistically be made?

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by dsfisher‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by dsfisher‭

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Why not build a space elevator starting from the moon?

Anchor one end of the cable to the side of the moon that faces the earth. Drop the other end of the cable to earth so that it drags along the ground. The earth's gravity and friction contributes a ...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Lorry Laurence mcLarry‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Lorry Laurence mcLarry‭

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How long time would it take for a space hulk to lose orbit?

In the Warhammer 40k universe, there are planets where the population hasn't developed so far and are left in the feudal stage, (or the technology has degenerated so much it is back to the point). ...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Magic-Mouse‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Magic-Mouse‭

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Every now and again God puts us on pause. Can we detect this?

Imagine that God has many universes to deal with or just needs a break sometimes. He has a pause control. What plausible mechanism does God use to perform the pause without breaking the laws of ph...

12 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by chasly from UK‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by chasly from UK‭

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How full of people does our solar system have to become, to cause massive destruction to it?

It's the far future. Humans are still! increasing in population. We have developed habitable orbital structures and terraformed any planet we possibly could. We reached the maximum potential for h...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by DoubleDouble‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by DoubleDouble‭

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What goods would be worth trading between Earth and Mars?

Mars is a cold, inhospitable, slightly damp ball of rock that would be very difficult to do things like grow crops on. However, it's also very far away. Far enough that, presumably, it would probab...

10 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by ckersch‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by ckersch‭

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TotalRewind™ (brain chip)

In 2015 we can rewind the TV, our CCTV footage and, if we wear an action cam, our latest adventure. However if we walk down the street and something happens we didn't quite catch, the annoying fact...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by chasly from UK‭  ·  edited 4y ago by Canina‭

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How to get rid of moon stations?

I have a story where a powerful outside force killed (next to) all humans on earth some decades ago. The way I want to build it is that it required that the human outposts on the moon to die as we...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Angelo Fuchs‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Angelo Fuchs‭

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What would a space elevator on the moon be made out of?

Okay, so some space miners fly into space to get Helium-3, and then fly it back to earth to sell to non-space people. Flying into and off the earth is rather expensive, so they want to simply take ...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by PyRulez‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by PyRulez‭

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What is the highest acceleration that a normal human could safely endure for (say) 8 hours?

I want to get a shuttle from place to place in a reasonable amount of time. Say, 6 to 8 hours maximum, with a short break at the midpoint to turn around. Assuming constant acceleration to midpoin...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by piersb‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by piersb‭

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Moons of Moons of Moons

My question is simple: How many nested moons are physically possible? If our moon had a moon, that would be a nesting of 1. I'm assuming it's easily possible for a really big moon to be orbiting ...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Varrick‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by Varrick‭

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How big can a moon be where you can physically jump out of its orbit, to its planet?

So, imagine a team of space marines, fighting some sort of space bug zombies on a planet's moon. Things are going pretty bad for them, and the last surviving protagonists are running for their live...

7 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by DaaaahWhoosh‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by DaaaahWhoosh‭

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Making doomsayers right - a moon(s), planet alignment that matters

Considering our topic challenge, and the fantastic eclipse last Sunday a question came to me. Could there be a stable (relatively speaking) planetary system where a(n) eclipse/alignment would actu...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by James‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by James‭

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How could Kuutamian animals work?

In Ribbontails Series Aman5 there are creatures called Kuutamian animals. These animals are sapient and can have any form. The creator uses the excuse that they have three DNA strands, but how real...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Uncle Tres‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Uncle Tres‭

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Replicating the biblical flood

The Biblical story of the Flood describes how over a period of 40 days the earth is flooded so that the peak of the highest mountain is 15 cubits/22.5ft/6.858m below the new mean sea level. The fl...

6 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Monty Wild‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Monty Wild‭

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How to quickly leave a planet for another planet en mass starting out from stone age tools?

An alien race decides to test the hability of humans to survive and engage into space travel, for whatever reason. The planets The aliens prepares a pair of Earth-like planets revolving around a ...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Victor Stafusa‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Victor Stafusa‭

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Method to share genetics beyond traditional sexual reproduction

It seems that my ability to create interesting creatures is limited by the need for sexual reproduction, which is absurdly useful, but also rather limiting, method of sharing genetics. I acknowled...

9 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by dsollen‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by dsollen‭

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What would it take to build a ship capable of crossing the Pacific?

In my story, I have a small extended family of 30 to 40 individuals ranging in age from 0 to 50 who are on the run from Chinese and Japanese forces in 1400AD. No place in Asia is safe for them. By...

17 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Green‭  ·  last activity 5y ago by Green‭

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How to create a realistic, Earth-like exoplanet?

Well, I ask the question because apparently I am going to aim for NaNoWriMo. I am calculating the density of a planet with 1.8 Earth masses and 0.9 Earth radii, but last I checked, the calculation...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Future Historian‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by Future Historian‭

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A spacecraft the size of Apollo 11's lunar module, composed of antimatter, around a normal star

After writing this question, I came up with a new question. Consideration The considerations are mostly similar to the linked question (reading it is highly encouraged, as I am trying to post as...

1 answer  ·  posted 8y ago by Hendrik Lie‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Hendrik Lie‭

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Can you add a mini moon to Earth?

So we have had multiple questions on having multiple moons and this is another. I did check and didn't find questions that covered this specific setup. I have an earth-like world I am working on, ...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by James‭  ·  last activity 7y ago by James‭

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How can future Mars colonists combat intelligence loss?

Earth is more massive than Mars, so people on Martian soil would definitely suffer some health issues due to weaker gravity. Blood circulation is badly affected as heart muscles starts to deteriora...

3 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by user6760‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by user6760‭

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If Mars contains coal, will it become a dominant source of energy?

In the year 2099 A.D, humans made a major discovery. There is a rich source of fossil fuel buried beneath layers of Martian soil. It is estimated that the coal deposit that was discovered could fil...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by user6760‭  ·  last activity 4y ago by user6760‭

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Stealth in Space: How realistic is it?

This has been considered other places on the net, but I thought it would be good for the hard-science challenge, since it is often an example of the subtle difference between soft and hard science....

16 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by PyRulez‭  ·  last activity 4y ago by PyRulez‭

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How would you designate targets for orbital bombardment?

Throwing big rocks at planets is so passe and any asteroid tug can do that now. The Intergalactic Arms Reduction Treaty forbids the intentional bombardment of a planet's surface with large asteroi...

5 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Green‭  ·  last activity 5y ago by Green‭

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Blind spot in the Solar System

An alien spaceship the size of an Empire State Building experiences a technical issues with its cloaking device, their duty technician needs 24 hours to repair and meanwhile the alien wants to avoi...

11 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by user6760‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by user6760‭

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The Babbage Probe

I'm currently exploring a setting where humans have managed to create traversable wormholes with one critical flaw - something in the wormhole both kills multi-cellular life and destroys electronic...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by Scott Downey‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by Scott Downey‭

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Close the door on your way out - Life lit by a blue dwarf star

I'm seeking a hard science setting for a piece of xenofiction with a decidedly non-sciencey feel. That said, there is no magic or magic technology. The idea is as follows: A red dwarf star has a...

6 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by rumguff‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by rumguff‭

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Can medieval people make a potato gun?

The spud gun uses air pressure to shoot a projectile - unusually a potato - at high speed towards a distant target much similar to todays revolvers. The only difference is that there is no gunpowde...

4 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by user6760‭  ·  last activity 6y ago by user6760‭

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Shoot for the moon

You won't miss and definitely won't be among the stars. Set in late 22nd century A.D. we are constructing a space elevator that would physically connects Earth and the moon, the lift will be using ...

2 answers  ·  posted 8y ago by user6760‭  ·  last activity 8y ago by user6760‭